Changing Minds

Gardner defines leadership as the ability to change minds, using examples of various leaders (e.g., Margaret Thatcher, Mohandas Gandhi, James O. Freedman, President Bush, Tony Blair, and South Africa's Nelson Mandela.) as models for future action. He argues that we must use different intelligences to change minds in different settings and expands upon this idea by citing seven relevant factors-reason, research, resonance, representational redescriptions, resources and rewards, real-world events, and resistances.